When a young person between the ages of 10 and 17 faces criminal charges in Indiana, their case usually begins in juvenile court. Juvenile court handles most non-violent or first-time offenses such as theft, drug possession, vandalism, or simple assault.
However, for repeat offenders or those charged with more serious crimes, including violent felonies, the case may be transferred to adult court through a process called waiver. At Hayes Law Office, we fight to protect your child’s future and to secure the best possible outcome, because a single mistake should never define a young life.
When you or your child gets involved in Indiana's court system, it's important to understand the differences between juvenile and adult court and how the juvenile court process works. Hayes Law Office offers compassionate, strategic defense for juveniles and their families. Reach out today for dedicated legal guidance.
Understanding the Juvenile Justice System in Indiana
The juvenile justice system in Indiana is designed to help, not punish. Its main focus is rehabilitation, ensuring young offenders receive education, counseling, and resources to help steer them away from future crime.
A minor under 18 facing a delinquent act typically enters the confidential juvenile court system, where records are usually sealed and protected. This system gives young people a real chance at turning their lives around without a permanent record.
How Adult Court Differs from Juvenile Court
The adult court system and juvenile court system serve different functions and operate under different rules. Adults are "convicted" of crimes and face public trials, often with jury involvement. They are subject to sentencing that can have lifelong consequences.
Juveniles, on the other hand, are "adjudicated delinquent," and their cases are generally heard by a judge only, with no jury trials. Confidentiality is maintained in juvenile court, and juvenile court records are more easily expunged.
Focus on Punishment vs Rehabilitation
Unlike the adult court system, Indiana juvenile court aims to rehabilitate juvenile offenders as opposed to punishment. This is designed to help kids in the juvenile justice system regain their compassion and correct their behaviors before finding themselves entangled in the adult system. In a juvenile detention center, young offenders are still required to complete their education while focusing on improving their environment and mental health. Juveniles are often faced with probation, diversion programs, or a placement in a juvenile detention center.
Rights and Procedures in Adult Court
Adults charged in Indiana face a strict criminal justice process focused on accountability. Defendants have rights to jury trials, and proceedings are usually public. These convictions result in permanent criminal records that create barriers to employment, college admissions, and housing.
Adult court exposes juveniles to harsher penalties, public records, and less opportunity for rehabilitation than the juvenile system, making early and skilled legal defense crucial to protect future opportunities.
Consequences of Adult Convictions
- Permanent criminal record accessible to the public
- Difficulties finding employment
- Obstacles in accessing college admissions and scholarships
- Challenges securing stable housing
- Loss of eligibility for certain licenses or government benefits
- Potential long prison sentences depending on the offense
Adult consequences are drastically different from juvenile court outcomes, which prioritize sealing records and promoting rehabilitation whenever possible. A dedicated criminal defense attorney can help to keep your teen in the juvenile justice system by exploring alternative sentencing options.
When Are Juveniles Tried as Adults in Indiana?
A minor may be moved from juvenile court to adult court through what’s called a waiver process. Judges weigh factors including the child’s age, the severity of the alleged offense, past record, and public safety concerns.
Waiver Process Explained
Juvenile court follows a structured process that includes detention hearings (usually within 48 hours), initial and fact-finding hearings, and dispositional hearings. Most cases last several weeks to several months, depending on the circumstances of the case. Juvenile defense attorneys, like the experienced team at Hayes Law Office, guide families through every step working to resolve the case in the most favorable way and minimize future impact
Types of Crimes That May Lead to Adult Court
Violent felonies (like armed robbery, certain drug crimes, or murder), repeat offenses, or situations clearly showing a teen understood the seriousness of their actions can all result in transfer to adult court. The waiver process includes a thorough investigation and hearing before a judge decides, but if granted, a young adult then faces all the risks of the adult court system.
Factors Courts Consider
Judges weigh multiple important factors when deciding whether to waive a juvenile to adult court, including:
- Age of the juvenile offender
- Severity and nature of the crime committed
- Prior delinquency or criminal record
- Public safety concerns related to keeping the youth in the juvenile system or transferring to adult court
- The juvenile's amenability to rehabilitation within the juvenile system
- The best interests of the child and the community’s welfare
Impact on Teens and Families
A run-in with the law affects not only the young person but also the entire family. The differences between juvenile court and adult court can be confusing and stressful. Hayes Law Office understands these challenges and is dedicated to providing clear answers, strong defense, and compassionate support throughout the process.
How Hayes Law Office Supports Families
When the stakes are high, a criminal defense lawyer can make all the difference. At Hayes Law Office, we understand how overwhelming and confusing this experience can be. Our attorneys take the time to listen carefully to your story, fully explain the differences between juvenile court and adult court, and outline your options clearly.
We fight hard to keep your child’s case in juvenile court whenever possible. If adult court becomes a possibility, we can and will aggressively defend your child’s rights to minimize the risks and long-term consequences.
For real answers and serious legal support, contact Hayes Law Office today to speak with a dedicated juvenile court attorney. Let us help secure a second chance and brighter future for your teen.
